Ostatnie szukania:
language functions ,
include functions ,
variable functions ,
post functions
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Every class definition begins with the keyword class, followed by a class name, followed by a pair of curly braces which enclose the definitions of the class's properties and methods.
The class name can be any valid label which is a not a PHP reserved word. A valid class name starts with a letter or underscore, followed by any number of letters, numbers, or underscores. As a regular expression, it would be expressed thus: [a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*.
A class may contain its own constants, variables (called "properties"), and functions (called "methods").
Przykład #1 Simple Class definition
<?php
class SimpleClass
{
// property declaration
public $var = 'a default value';
// method declaration
public function displayVar() {
echo $this->var;
}
}
?>
The pseudo-variable $this is available when a method is called from within an object context. $this is a reference to the calling object (usually the object to which the method belongs, but possibly another object, if the method is called statically from the context of a secondary object).
Przykład #2 Some examples of the $this pseudo-variable
<?php
class A
{
function foo()
{
if (isset($this)) {
echo '$this is defined (';
echo get_class($this);
echo ")\n";
} else {
echo "\$this is not defined.\n";
}
}
}
class B
{
function bar()
{
// Note: the next line will issue a warning if E_STRICT is enabled.
A::foo();
}
}
$a = new A();
$a->foo();
// Note: the next line will issue a warning if E_STRICT is enabled.
A::foo();
$b = new B();
$b->bar();
// Note: the next line will issue a warning if E_STRICT is enabled.
B::bar();
?>
Powyższy przykład wyświetli:
$this is defined (A) $this is not defined. $this is defined (B) $this is not defined.
To create an instance of a class, a new object must be created and assigned to a variable. An object will always be assigned when creating a new object unless the object has a constructor defined that throws an exception on error. Classes should be defined before instantiation (and in some cases this is a requirement).
Przykład #3 Creating an instance
<?php
$instance = new SimpleClass();
// This can also be done with a variable:
$className = 'Foo';
$instance = new $className(); // Foo()
?>
In the class context, it is possible to create a new object by new self and new parent.
When assigning an already created instance of a class to a new variable, the new variable will access the same instance as the object that was assigned. This behaviour is the same when passing instances to a function. A copy of an already created object can be made by cloning it.
Przykład #4 Object Assignment
<?php
$assigned = $instance;
$reference =& $instance;
$instance->var = '$assigned will have this value';
$instance = null; // $instance and $reference become null
var_dump($instance);
var_dump($reference);
var_dump($assigned);
?>
Powyższy przykład wyświetli:
NULL
NULL
object(SimpleClass)#1 (1) {
["var"]=>
string(30) "$assigned will have this value"
}
A class can inherit the methods and properties of another class by using the keyword extends in the class declaration. It is not possible to extend multiple classes; a class can only inherit from one base class.
The inherited methods and properties can be overridden by redeclaring them with the same name defined in the parent class. However, if the parent class has defined a method as final, that method may not be overridden. It is possible to access the overridden methods or static properties by referencing them with parent::.
Przykład #5 Simple Class Inheritance
<?php
class ExtendClass extends SimpleClass
{
// Redefine the parent method
function displayVar()
{
echo "Extending class\n";
parent::displayVar();
}
}
$extended = new ExtendClass();
$extended->displayVar();
?>
Powyższy przykład wyświetli:
Extending class a default value
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prace magisterskie ekonomia , a także pisanie prac pedagogika